Before I understood myself as autistic I experienced overwhelming reactions to many layers of life on a regular basis. But because I’d been socialised in a world that taught me these were out of proportion / weird / dramatic, I learnt to hold my meltdowns in until I was in private. Internalising that energy slowly destroyed my body - to the point where I had bowel and fatigue issues so severe that I relentlessly pushed through my trauma around the medical profession in order to try to understand it. I truly believe that if I hadn’t learnt about my autism I’d be severely ill or no longer alive right now.
Learning to accept myself as autistic has meant learning to accept that my brain processes the world differently. In doing so, it has created space and safety for my body to do what it needs to do at times of overwhelm - and while meltdowns are painful and scary in their own ways (especially when I get repetitive meltdowns that affect me every day for a whole week) at least now I can begin to look at them for what they are and shape my life in ways that accommodates my processing needs.
Two of the most important things on my journey have been a) understanding that meltdowns aren’t necessarily a sign of something ‘bad’ and b) having partners and friends who are not afraid to move with me through meltdowns and reflect and learn about them together. So I thought I’d share more about what causes meltdowns for me, and tactics we’ve explored to help us manage/embrace meltdowns as part of normal life.
What does a meltdown look/feel like?
Every autistic person is unique. And not everyone will experience meltdowns. But for me meltdowns are very intense outbursts of physical and emotional energy, which can include things like screaming, punching my own head repeatedly and other sudden acts of self-harm. The meltdown itself can last anything from a minute to much longer repeated outbursts within a single day - though there are also ways my brain starts to fragment during the build up to a meltdown.
These days I can often feel a meltdown building, which helps me implement some coping mechanisms and communicate my needs. But, if a meltdown decides it’s arriving it is sometimes impossible to stop it entirely, so the build up can feel like a tidal wave or inevitable flood which sometimes creates more anxiety within me.
Once the meltdown is released, I can feel tired afterwards but I generally feel relief and return to relatively normal/calm state fairly rapidly. This can be a particularly confusing element for other people as there is often a misconception that intense expressions of pain mean there are more sustained / deeper feelings underneath, which is why it’s important to understand what someone’s meltdowns represent and where they come from specifically.
What causes a meltdown?
For me, meltdowns are caused by a variety of things. There have been times in my past where I have experienced more ‘typical’ forms of stress or sadness which have resulted in more ‘typical’ forms emotional outburst - but for me meltdowns are generally disconnected from levels of contentment within life / levels of ‘emotional stability’.
Some of the things that can lead to my meltdowns include:
Overstimulation - this could be due to too much of something such as too much noise / too much touch. It’s important to note that this includes painful or pleasurable overstimulation. I can enjoy going to music gigs, or connecting with new people but it still cause an energetic build up within me that turns into a meltdown (yes being ecstatically happy and excitable can lead to a meltdown for me)
Feeling misunderstood / feeling confused - this is probably not just connected to pure autism but perhaps more to the trauma of being autistic (which is a whole other blog post). There are times where I cannot connect my thinking with other people’s way of perceiving and end up getting trapped in loops of misunderstanding which start to build up distress in my body. This is particularly hard when I appear to have caused someone else pain by saying or doingsomething I thought was completely uncontroversial. It’s often not always as simple as letting stuff go / writing something off as a difference of perspective for me (which is also a whole other blog post)
Not being able to flow/ Not knowing what to do with myself - Autistic people tend to have states of hyperfocus that can feel really enjoyable and aligned with how their brains work. When this is abruptly interrupted it can feel physically and mentally painful. In addition, we also have states of inertia where it’s hard to start the next thing we need to do, if I get trapped in this state it can start to build towards a meltdown if I don’t get space and support release that energy.
Quite often people can get confused by how one day I might appear to have a meltdown over something like getting dressed or showering, and other days I’m completely fine. This is because for me the actual act itself is not necessarily the problem - it’s about where my brain is in terms of it’s processing state. If I’ve been overstimulated and then I try to shower it might take me a long time to get our of a state of inertia and that can then cause a physical meltdown.
In addition, for me meltdowns are a result of built up energy. And this energy builds up at different paces depending on how your brain works and the context you are in. I might be completely fine attending a concert of my favourite band on my own because the songs are familiar and being alone reduces the risk of feeling confused by a friends plans. But I might have a meltdown at another concert with a friend because the music and lighting is unfamiliar and perhaps it is more overstimulating as a result, and I also have to work hard to align myself to someone else’s flow for the evening.
I often describe this as a dripping or running tap that overflows my cup. Sometimes the overstimulation or confusion is just a slow steady dripping, other times it can run quickly and flood my brain.
Adapting to meltdowns and reducing their harmful impact
Unless we change the entirety of society my meltdowns aren’t going to suddenly disappear. In Atypical it really irks me when the mum celebrates the fact her son hasn’t had a meltdown in a month because, at best, it simply means he’s releasing the meltdown in less painful ways, or at worst he’s suppressing the meltdowns which will likely have a bigger detrimental effect further down the line. This is why rather than trying to figure out a ‘cure’ for meltdowns, I’ve arrived at a place of accepting my meltdowns as a reality of being autistic in a world not designed for people like me - and even if the world adapted around my needs my brain still might need to do intense releases at times.
But it’s also not sustainable or healthy for me or others around me to simply let my meltdowns wreak havoc so I wanted to share a few things my community are working on with me.
Preparing for meltdowns
By finally coming to terms with meltdowns as part of my reality I’m able to work with my partners and friends to prepare for the impact of them.
When I’m in meltdown mode it is not as simple as deciding you need to do something to regulate when it arrives. My brain and body are no longer mine - it lashes out in ways that I have no control over, and I can lose my memory almost entirely. Which is why we developed strategies such as having a ‘Brain Melt’ playlist I can listen to on repeat, or a box full of goodies and reminders that can give me options for activities (though I’m still trying to work out how to remember the box exists when I’m on my own and having a meltdown).
One of my partners has also written me a letter to read when he isn’t there or struggles to be present within a meltdown. And I’m building up the amount of people that understand the intricacies of my meltdowns so I can return to others for co-regulation when I can’t move out of the meltdown state on my own.
I’m still learning how to structure my life in a more flexible way that enables me to feel confident to cancel social or work plans as I can feel a meltdown building but I’m not there yet with anyone but my closest connections, plus I’m still processing an immense amount of grief around the idea that I have to make space for meltdowns in this way.
Responding to the warning signs
I’ve noticed recently that if we can catch the early warning signs we can do things to plateau my energetic build up, but despite a lot of attention paid to this we have also gotten it wrong many times and ended up simply delaying the meltdown because we haven’t created space for me to release.
One of the warning signs for me is what I call ‘broken glass brain’. My thinking starts to fragment and often in a bid to explain the intense pain within my brain I will start to express anxious thoughts about core parts of me or my community that can be quite contradictory to how I usually feel. In it’s extreme this can become a form of paranoia - where my brain is in so much pain and confusion that my I begin to rationalise that experience by presuming that others are intentionally confusing me or fear around whether they care for me, or by turning in on myself and pointing out the parts of me that deserve to feel that way.
And this can seemingly come out of the blue even in spaces where I feel loved and affirmed. I was recently at a queer bar with a good friend of mine, dancing away, when suddenly the music, space and all the new faces became unbearable. All it was was a form of overstimulation, but in that moment my brain wants to give me more ‘rational’ reasons for feeling that way and floods me with anxious thoughts.
At this point many people will want to reassure me around my anxieties, which doesn’t work because the brewing meltdown was never about those anxieties - it was about energy build up that needs to be released physically. Instead when partners or friends recognises these warning signs they might squeeze my arms repeatedly to release the energy build up, suggest I go outside for a walk or rock with me back and forth with my headphones on.
But while these acts can help lessen the effects of the meltdown I’ve found I need to do a lot more to take me right back down to a regulated state that can be sustained. Quite often this can be hard because it will likely involve cancelling social plans or work plans and spending a day decompressing / eating well / exercising etc if I want to avoid the meltdown building back up again.
Avoiding worsening the meltdown
There are many ways that I and others have responded to my meltdowns in the past that have actually elongated them and exacerbated the harmful nature of them. And some of the examples of this directly link to the causes of meltdowns - by which I mean we can sometimes respond with things that were actually part of what caused the meltdown in the first instance.
For example, if feeling misunderstood can cause me to have a meltdown then the experience of someone being confused by meltdown will just make it worse. Or if make myself hold in my outbursts it’s a very explicit example of not being able to flow and therefore I get more stuck within the meltdown.
I also require others to shield me from unnecessary stimulation because when I’m not yet melting down I often overestimate my threshold. One of the most beautiful acts one of my partners did before either of us really understood me as autistic was that he took his noise cancelling headphones off and simply plopped them on my ears when we were on a busy tube because he could see me starting to get overwhelmed.
Giving in to a meltdown
Sometimes no matter how much I look after my physical and mental health a meltdown will arise as a result of something unexpected. And I’m learning that feeling less embarrassed about how my meltdowns look to other people enables me to express them more quickly and safely, and other people can help with this too.
Once I’ve started to fall into a head-banging space now one of my partners will often put his whole body weight on me if we are in a safe space to do so, or squeeze me with his whole body to keep me contained. The strength of him against me releases my physical sensations and I can sometimes almost ‘come to’ as if I’m an entirely new person that has stepped into my body.
Another thing I’ve found once the meltdown has arrived is that I get complete time-blindness. I feel like I’ve been stuck in that sensation forever, that it will never pass. It’s why my meltdowns in the past have been known to turn into suicidal ideation, which can be really scary for someone that thought I was absolutely loving life just yesterday - because I was and still am, it’s just that something has overstimulated me and now I’ve lost all sense of reality in a way that I feel will never end.
I’ve recently bought myself a visible timer which I’m going to use as I let out my meltdowns to enable me to know not to panic and that it will pass. I also find listening to music helps me to understand that it’s just a song or two until the feeling fades.
After a meltdown
Meltdowns are exhausting for everyone involved. Though quite often I find I personally spring back from meltdowns feeling more alive / focussed / capable than many people expect. Again this is because it isn’t a response to a form of depression or anything that is emotionally weighing on me on a daily basis. It is the energetic release that comes with a meltdown that frees up my brain to function again.
So in the early days I would have recovered fairly rapidly, but my partner who had witnessed all of the harm would feel exhausted and confused. I’ve been learning to show care for myself and others in this aftermath rather than berating myself for causing inconvenience or pain to others.
I also have times where multiple meltdowns can happen within a single week, so even though I come out the other side of the meltdown feeling much better I need to remind myself to take it slow and keep negative stimulation to minimum to avoid slipping into another meltdown soon after.
The other thing that occurs for me is I will lose my memory of most of the detail of a meltdown. If I’ve hurt myself during the meltdown I might forget why my head or hand is hurting, or if I’ve said anything during a meltdown it’s likely I won’t remember that either. My partner and counsellor both play a role in helping me to retrace my steps and understand what was going on for me so that I’m able to continue to develop my strategies for dealing with meltdowns going forward.
The upsides of meltdowns
The reality is I experience meltdowns as a result of feeling the world very intensely. And this shows up in joyful euphoric ways as much as it shows up in painful ways. The other side of the way energy builds and fragments my brain, is the same process that occurs when energy builds in a way that creates magnificent creative connections within my brain. The way my body responds with losing all sense of time and having very physical outbursts, is the same process that is occurring when I have the most ecstatic mind-bending orgasms or whole body responses to beautifully stimulating food, touch or music.
In addition meltdowns are a very visceral way for my brain and body to speak to me about what I need and should be paying attention to. The majority of humankind are so cut off from their somatic processing that they can be completely oblivious to the perpetual harm they are inflicting on themselves and that the system is inflicting on them. My meltdowns might be hard to navigate within a system that only values certain ways of existing / certain ways of communicating and expressing / certain forms of productivity, but it keeps me grounded in who I am and acts as a marker for the ways the system is in conflict with that… giving me an opportunity to be deeply conscious of the life I’m building and why that’s important and meaningful to me.